Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

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Introduction The optimal treatment regimen for herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis is ill-defined. Current guidelines recommend the initiation of acyclovir in all suspected cases of encephalitis; however, there is limited research regarding the details of acyclovir treatment or the adjuvant use of corticosteroids. Specifically, there is a paucity of evidence-based guidelines detailing the optimal management of HSV-1 encephalitis in immunocompetent patients. In this study, we conducted a review of cases of immunocompetent patients with HSV-1 encephalitis to compare patterns in treatment and outcomes.  Methods A review of the literature was performed using PubMed using the terms herpes encephalitis, HSV, herpes zoster, and immunocompetent to identify cases of HSV-1 encephalitis in immunocompetent patients. The results were screened for cases describing the treatment regimen of HSV-1 encephalitis-positive, immunocompetent patients.  Results Six cases were i...

Kidney problems can develop suddenly or over a long period of time. The rapid loss of kidney function is called acute kidney injury (AKI). It is typically due to an event like dehydration, blood loss, or a urinary tract obstruction. The gradual loss of kidney function is referred to as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is typically caused by a long-term condition like diabetes or high blood pressure. In some people, CKD can lead to end-stage renal disease, in which the kidneys completely cease functioning. Because the treatment of AKI and CKD differ, it is important to identify the underlying cause based on a review of your symptoms and medical history and a panel of lab and imaging tests. LightFieldStudios / Getty Images This article describes the differences between acute kidney failure and chronic kidney disease, including the distinct causes, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Difference Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Dis...

Neutropenia is a condition in which the number of neutrophils in the blood is lower than normal. Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell. They help protect the body against infections. A deficiency in the number of neutrophils can occur due to bone marrow disease, cancer, and hereditary conditions. Or, it can be an effect of medications or common cancer treatments. Neutropenia increases the risk and severity of infections. This article will discuss the symptoms that may occur due to underlying conditions or complications of neutropenia, possible causes, tests, and treatment. gpointstudio / Getty Images Symptoms of Conditions Associated With Neutropenia  Neutrophils help fight bacterial and fungal infections, as well as healing from injuries and illnesses. Depending on the cause and severity of neutropenia, there can be an increased potential for infections. The symptoms that may accompany neutropenia occur beca...